26. What is the function of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) in a CPU?

a) To store program instructions

b) To execute arithmetic and logical operations

c) To decode instructions

d) To control hardware devices

Correct Answer: b) To execute arithmetic and logical operations

27. What is a key characteristic of lossy data compression?

a) The original data can be perfectly reconstructed

b) The original data cannot be perfectly reconstructed

c) It only compresses text files

d) It is used exclusively for binary data

Correct Answer: b) The original data cannot be perfectly reconstructed

28. What is the full form of URL in web technology?

a) Universal Resource Locator

b) Uniform Resource Locator

c) Unified Resource Locator

d) Uniform Reference Link

Correct Answer: b) Uniform Resource Locator

29. What is the purpose of a 'FOR loop' in programming?

a) To repeat a set of instructions a specific number of times

b) To repeat a set of instructions until a condition is met

c) To store variables

d) To handle file input and output

Correct Answer: a) To repeat a set of instructions a specific number of times

30. What is the output of an XOR gate when both inputs are 1?

a) 1

b) 0

c) Undefined

d) It depends on the voltage

Correct Answer: b) 0

31. What is the difference between static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM (DRAM)?

a) SRAM is faster but more expensive than DRAM

b) DRAM is faster but more expensive than SRAM

c) SRAM needs to be refreshed more often

d) DRAM is used in cache memory

Correct Answer: a) SRAM is faster but more expensive than DRAM

32. In computer networking, what does LAN stand for?

a) Long Area Network

b) Local Area Network

c) Large Access Network

d) Logical Access Network

Correct Answer: b) Local Area Network

33. What does a compiler do in programming?

a) Executes a program line by line

b) Translates the entire program into machine code

c) Manages memory usage

d) Detects and fixes syntax errors

Correct Answer: b) Translates the entire program into machine code

34. Which logic gate outputs 1 when both inputs are 1?

a) AND

b) OR

c) NOT

d) NAND

Correct Answer: a) AND

35. In database management, what is a foreign key?

a) A field that uniquely identifies a record in the same table

b) A field that uniquely identifies a record in a different table

c) A field that holds alphanumeric data

d) A field used to store large amounts of data

Correct Answer: b) A field that uniquely identifies a record in a different table

36. What is an example of a secondary storage device?

a) CPU

b) RAM

c) USB flash drive

d) Cache

Correct Answer: c) USB flash drive

37. Which type of malware disguises itself as legitimate software?

a) Virus

b) Trojan

c) Worm

d) Ransomware

Correct Answer: b) Trojan

38. What does HTTP stand for in web technology?

a) HyperText Transfer Protocol

b) HyperLink Text Protocol

c) HyperText Transport Pathway

d) HyperText Table Protocol

Correct Answer: a) HyperText Transfer Protocol

39. What is the primary function of an operating system?

a) To control hardware components

b) To execute arithmetic operations

c) To perform network diagnostics

d) To manage user accounts

Correct Answer: a) To control hardware components

40. In databases, what is SQL used for?

a) To define the structure of a database

b) To write programs for database management

c) To query and manipulate data in a database

d) To create user accounts for database access

Correct Answer: c) To query and manipulate data in a database

41. What type of network topology has a central hub?

a) Ring topology

b) Star topology

c) Mesh topology

d) Bus topology

Correct Answer: b) Star topology

42. Which of the following is an example of application software?

a) Microsoft Word

b) Windows OS

c) BIOS

d) Cache memory

Correct Answer: a) Microsoft Word

43. In Boolean logic, what does the OR operator do?

a) Returns true if either input is true

b) Returns true only if both inputs are true

c) Returns false if both inputs are false

d) Returns the opposite of the input

Correct Answer: a) Returns true if either input is true

44. What is a backup?

a) A copy of data stored in case the original is lost

b) A compressed version of a program

c) A program used to repair corrupt files

d) A temporary storage of data in memory

Correct Answer: a) A copy of data stored in case the original is lost

45. What does phishing refer to in cybersecurity?

a) Attempting to acquire sensitive information by pretending to be a trustworthy entity

b) Installing malware through fake software

c) Monitoring data traffic without consent

d) Encrypting files to demand ransom

Correct Answer: a) Attempting to acquire sensitive information by pretending to be a trustworthy entity

46. Which command is used to delete records in a SQL database?

a) DELETE

b) REMOVE

c) DROP

d) ERASE

Correct Answer: a) DELETE

47. Which of the following is considered volatile memory?

a) RAM

b) Hard Drive

c) SSD

d) ROM

Correct Answer: a) RAM

48. What is the main function of the BIOS in a computer system?

a) To store data for future use

b) To initialize hardware during startup

c) To run applications

d) To manage networking processes

Correct Answer: b) To initialize hardware during startup

49. What does DNS stand for in networking?

a) Domain Name Service

b) Direct Network System

c) Domain Name System

d) Direct Name System

Correct Answer: c) Domain Name System

50. What is cloud computing?

a) The storage and access of data over the internet

b) The installation of software on local devices

c) A type of virtual private network

d) A method of data encryption

Correct Answer: a) The storage and access of data over the internet