AP Comparative Government and Politics Tutor from India
Understanding how governments around the world operate has never been more important. AP Comparative Government and Politics is a course that helps students explore political systems, policies, and institutions from different countries. It’s not just about learning facts—it’s about building critical thinking skills and gaining a deeper understanding of global issues.
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AP Comparative Government and Politics Syllabus
Chapter List and Content Overview:
PART ONE: CONCEPTS
- Chapter One: Introduction to Comparative Government and Politics: A Conceptual Approach
- PART TWO: COUNTRY CASES
Advanced Democracies
- Chapter Two: Government and Politics in Britain
The European Union
- Chapter Three: The European Union
Communist and Post-Communist Regimes
- Chapter Four: Government and Politics in Russia
- Chapter Five: Government and Politics in China
Newly Industrializing and Less Developed Countries
- Chapter Six: Government and Politics in Mexico
- Chapter Seven: Government and Politics in Iran
- Chapter Eight: Government and Politics in Nigeria
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AP Comparative Government and Politics Exam Questions
1. Which of the following is the best example of a regime change?
a) A successful coup d’état occurs in which one political leader replaces another as head of state.
b) A change occurs in a country’s political institutions and practices, as from totalitarian to democratic rule.
c) One long-time ruler dies or retires, and is replaced by another, who in turn rules the country for a long period of time.
d) A country’s political leader is replaced by a competitor, either by election or by military force.
Correct Answer: b) A change occurs in a country’s political institutions and practices, as from totalitarian to democratic rule.
2. In China, the “parallel hierarchies” are made up of the Communist Party, the government, and which other institution?
a) The military
b) Private sector businesses
c) The judicial branch
d) Civil society organizations
Correct Answer: a) The military
3. Which type of economy involves significant government control and often restricts private enterprise?
a) Command economy
b) Mixed economy
c) Free-market economy
d) Traditional economy
Correct Answer: a) Command economy
4. The concept of “collective responsibility” is most commonly associated with which type of political system?
a) Presidential
b) Parliamentary
c) Federal
d) Authoritarian
Correct Answer: b) Parliamentary
5. Which country’s political system is characterized by a “Supreme Leader” who holds significant power over the government?
a) United Kingdom
b) China
c) Russia
d) Iran
Correct Answer: d) Iran
6. In a proportional representation system, which of the following is most likely to occur?
a) A single party always wins an outright majority
b) Minority parties gain representation based on their share of the vote
c) Only two major parties dominate the legislature
d) Individual candidates run without party affiliation
Correct Answer: b) Minority parties gain representation based on their share of the vote
7. Which of the following political ideologies emphasizes limited government and individual freedoms?
a) Socialism
b) Liberalism
c) Communism
d) Fascism
Correct Answer: b) Liberalism
8. In Russia, the Federation Council is most similar to which political body in the United States?
a) House of Representatives
b) Supreme Court
c) Senate
d) Executive Branch
Correct Answer: c) Senate
9. Which of the following terms refers to a society’s shared beliefs, values, and norms regarding political processes?
a) Political culture
b) Political economy
c) Political ideology
d) Political efficacy
Correct Answer: a) Political culture
10. The principle of parliamentary sovereignty is a foundational feature of the political system in which country?
a) United States
b) Russia
c) United Kingdom
d) China
Correct Answer: c) United Kingdom
11. Which concept is best described as the right to rule, as recognized by the citizenry and often by other states?
a) Political efficacy
b) Sovereignty
c) Legitimacy
d) Political socialization
Correct Answer: c) Legitimacy
12. In Mexico, the introduction of proportional representation in the legislature primarily resulted in:
a) A dominant-party system
b) Increased representation for minority parties
c) Reduced power for the executive branch
d) A stable two-party system
Correct Answer: b) Increased representation for minority parties
13. Which of the following is the best example of a linkage institution?
a) Supreme Court
b) Political party
c) Bureaucracy
d) Executive cabinet
Correct Answer: b) Political party
14. Which country does not have a single written constitution?
a) China
b) Russia
c) Nigeria
d) United Kingdom
Correct Answer: d) United Kingdom
15. What type of legal system is based largely on precedent and customs?
a) Civil law
b) Common law
c) Statutory law
d) Administrative law
Correct Answer: b) Common law
16. Which principle allows the judiciary to declare a law or executive action unconstitutional?
a) Parliamentary sovereignty
b) Judicial review
c) Devolution
d) Rule of law
Correct Answer: b) Judicial review
17. The political concept of "devolution" involves:
a) Increasing central government control
b) Granting power to regional governments
c) Strengthening national unity
d) Creating more government transparency
Correct Answer: b) Granting power to regional governments
18. Which system is characterized by competition among multiple political parties and interest groups?
a) Federalism
b) Pluralism
c) Authoritarianism
d) Corporatism
Correct Answer: b) Pluralism
19. The economic concept of “marketization” is most accurately defined as:
a) State control over all economic sectors
b) Movement towards a free-market economy
c) Complete elimination of private ownership
d) Redistribution of wealth by the government
Correct Answer: b) Movement towards a free-market economy
20. In Nigeria, a key factor that complicates national unity is:
a) Urban-rural divide
b) Religious and ethnic diversity
c) Small middle class
d) Lack of natural resources
Correct Answer: b) Religious and ethnic diversity
21. According to dependency theory, industrially developed countries:
a) Serve as models for less developed countries to follow
b) Have minimal influence on less developed countries
c) Exploit less developed countries to enhance their own power
d) Primarily trade among themselves, leaving less developed countries out of world trade
Correct Answer: c) Exploit less developed countries to enhance their own power
22. Which electoral system is most likely to produce a multi-party legislature?
a) Plurality system
b) First-past-the-post system
c) Proportional representation
d) Two-round majority system
Correct Answer: c) Proportional representation
23. A political system with a high degree of centralization and few constitutional limits on power is known as:
a) A federal system
b) A parliamentary system
c) An authoritarian system
d) A democratic system
Correct Answer: c) An authoritarian system
24. In Russia, the institution responsible for approving laws passed by the Duma is the:
a) Federation Council
b) Constitutional Court
c) Presidential Council
d) Council of Ministers
Correct Answer: a) Federation Council
25. The primary function of the European Court of Justice is to:
a) Interpret EU law and ensure its uniform application across member states
b) Set foreign policy for the European Union
c) Govern economic regulations in the EU
d) Serve as the legislative body of the EU
Correct Answer: a) Interpret EU law and ensure its uniform application across member states
26. Which concept describes a society in which groups and individuals organize freely to influence the government?
a) Totalitarianism
b) Civil society
c) Patrimonialism
d) Authoritarianism
Correct Answer: b) Civil society
27. In China, the “Great Leap Forward” was an attempt to:
a) Rapidly industrialize through rural collectivization
b) Encourage private entrepreneurship
c) Establish a democratic political system
d) Expand military power
Correct Answer: a) Rapidly industrialize through rural collectivization
28. In Nigeria, Sharia law is most commonly applied in:
a) The southern states
b) The northern states
c) The western states
d) The central region
Correct Answer: b) The northern states
29. The “presidential election rule” in Nigeria requires candidates to:
a) Win a majority of votes in each state
b) Receive at least 25% of the votes in two-thirds of the states
c) Win 75% of the popular vote
d) Secure a majority in both rural and urban areas
Correct Answer: b) Receive at least 25% of the votes in two-thirds of the states
30. A political cleavage refers to:
a) A division between state and federal governments
b) Divisions within society based on ethnicity, religion, or class
c) A conflict between executive and legislative branches
d) Differences in foreign policy among political parties
Correct Answer: b) Divisions within society based on ethnicity, religion, or class
31. In the UK, the head of government is:
a) The President
b) The Monarch
c) The Prime Minister
d) The Speaker of the House of Commons
Correct Answer: c) The Prime Minister
32. Which type of government system involves the separation of powers between different branches?
a) Federal
b) Parliamentary
c) Presidential
d) Totalitarian
Correct Answer: c) Presidential
33. In Iran, the Assembly of Experts is primarily responsible for:
a) Drafting legislation
b) Selecting and supervising the Supreme Leader
c) Electing the President
d) Managing foreign policy
Correct Answer: b) Selecting and supervising the Supreme Leader
34. A state in which the government has little control over regions due to powerful sub-national governments is called:
a) A unitary state
b) A federal state
c) A failed state
d) An authoritarian state
Correct Answer: b) A federal state
35. Which term best describes a political system where the government maintains strict control over public and private life?
a) Democracy
b) Federalism
c) Totalitarianism
d) Liberalism
Correct Answer: c) Totalitarianism
36. The concept of “rule of law” is best defined as:
a) Laws apply only to the government
b) All citizens and the government are subject to the law
c) The government has absolute control over the judiciary
d) Only elected officials must follow the law
Correct Answer: b) All citizens and the government are subject to the law
37. In a socialist economy, the government:
a) Controls major industries but allows for some private ownership
b) Limits private ownership completely
c) Encourages competition and profit
d) Has no control over the economy
Correct Answer: a) Controls major industries but allows for some private ownership
38. The judicial branch in China primarily serves to:
a) Ensure that the Communist Party's policies are implemented
b) Check the power of the executive
c) Protect civil liberties
d) Interpret laws independently
Correct Answer: a) Ensure that the Communist Party's policies are implemented
39. Which of the following is most associated with economic globalization?
a) Trade protectionism
b) Increased international trade and investment
c) National economic isolation
d) Strengthening local economies
Correct Answer: b) Increased international trade and investment
40. Which of the following countries is known for having a single-party political system?
a) Russia
b) Nigeria
c) United Kingdom
d) China
Correct Answer: d) China
41. Which political system is characterized by a strong executive and weak checks on the executive’s power?
a) Federal system
b) Presidential system
c) Authoritarian system
d) Parliamentary system
Correct Answer: c) Authoritarian system
42. In a federal system, political power is primarily divided between:
a) The central government and local governments
b) Political parties and interest groups
c) Different political branches
d) The president and the legislature
Correct Answer: a) The central government and local governments
43. Which of the following is a feature of a parliamentary system?
a) A strong separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches
b) The head of state is also the head of government
c) The executive is directly accountable to the legislature
d) Judges can overrule legislative actions with judicial review
Correct Answer: c) The executive is directly accountable to the legislature
44. Which of the following countries operates under a common law system?
a) China
b) Iran
c) United Kingdom
d) Russia
Correct Answer: c) United Kingdom
45. The idea of “judicial review” refers to the power of the courts to:
a) Approve or reject legislative proposals
b) Review and interpret the constitutionality of laws
c) Appoint and dismiss other judges
d) Create new laws
Correct Answer: b) Review and interpret the constitutionality of laws
46. Which term describes a system in which multiple groups compete to influence policy-making?
a) Pluralism
b) Totalitarianism
c) Authoritarianism
d) Federalism
Correct Answer: a) Pluralism
47. Which political ideology emphasizes state ownership and control over key industries?
a) Liberalism
b) Socialism
c) Conservatism
d) Federalism
Correct Answer: b) Socialism
48. In Mexico, the inclusion of proportional representation in the legislature led to:
a) A dominant-party system
b) A stable two-party system
c) Increased representation for minority parties
d) A weakened executive branch
Correct Answer: c) Increased representation for minority parties
49. Which of the following describes a “command economy”?
a) The government has little involvement in economic decisions
b) Prices and production are largely controlled by the government
c) All economic activities are based on individual profit motives
d) Private ownership of industries is encouraged
Correct Answer: b) Prices and production are largely controlled by the government
50. Which of the following countries does NOT have a significant minority of Muslims?
a) Russia
b) Nigeria
c) United Kingdom
d) Mexico
Correct Answer: d) Mexico
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